Optimize render graph and add GPU profiling

Amp-Thread-ID: https://ampcode.com/threads/T-01a01380-b478-77d0-84a0-102880a5c5ae
Co-authored-by: Heaust Azure <heaust.azure@gmail.com>

addons/handles/src/ComputePass.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ export type GraphBuffer = {
   id: string;
   array: string;
   usage?: string[];
+  sync?: "frame" | "loadout";
 };
 
 export type GraphTexture = {
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ export type GraphSampler = {
   id: string;
   magFilter?: "nearest" | "linear";
   minFilter?: "nearest" | "linear";
+  addressModeU?: "clamp-to-edge" | "repeat" | "mirror-repeat";
+  addressModeV?: "clamp-to-edge" | "repeat" | "mirror-repeat";
 };
 
 export type GraphBinding = {

addons/handles/src/Scene.ts

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) id: vec3<u32>) {
   clusters[3] = bitcast<u32>(light.b);
 }`;
 
-const forwardShader = /* wgsl */ `
+const basicForwardShader = /* wgsl */ `
 struct Accent { color: vec4<f32> }
 struct VertexOutput {
   @builtin(position) position: vec4<f32>,
@@ -153,6 +153,103 @@ fn fragment(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
   return vec4<f32>(color, base.a);
 }`;
 
+function pbrShader(mask: number) {
+  const baseTexture = mask & 1;
+  const materialTexture = mask & 2;
+  const normalTexture = mask & 4;
+  return /* wgsl */ `
+struct VertexOutput {
+  @builtin(position) position: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(0) world: vec3<f32>,
+  @location(1) normal: vec3<f32>,
+  @location(2) uv: vec2<f32>,
+  @location(3) tangent: vec4<f32>,
+  @location(4) @interpolate(flat) mesh: u32,
+  @location(5) @interpolate(flat) material: u32,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> clusters: array<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> accent: vec4<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read> positions: array<vec4<f32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read> quaternions: array<vec4<f32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read> scales: array<vec4<f32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(5) var<storage, read> meshInfo: array<u32>;
+@group(0) @binding(6) var<storage, read> materials: array<vec4<f32>>;
+@group(0) @binding(7) var<storage, read> cameras: array<vec4<f32>>;
+${mask ? "@group(1) @binding(0) var materialSampler: sampler;" : ""}
+${baseTexture ? "@group(1) @binding(1) var baseTexture: texture_2d<f32>;" : ""}
+${materialTexture ? "@group(1) @binding(2) var materialTexture: texture_2d<f32>;" : ""}
+${normalTexture ? "@group(1) @binding(3) var normalTexture: texture_2d<f32>;" : ""}
+
+fn rotate(q: vec4<f32>, value: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
+  return value + 2.0 * cross(q.xyz, cross(q.xyz, value) + q.w * value);
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vertex(
+  @location(0) point: vec3<f32>,
+  @location(1) localNormal: vec3<f32>,
+  @location(2) uv: vec2<f32>,
+  ${normalTexture ? "@location(3) localTangent: vec4<f32>," : ""}
+  @builtin(instance_index) packed: u32,
+) -> VertexOutput {
+  let instance = packed & 65535u;
+  let scale = scales[instance].xyz;
+  let world = rotate(quaternions[instance], point * scale) + positions[instance].xyz;
+  var clip = vec4<f32>(world, 1.0);
+  if (cameras[2].w != 0.0) {
+    let cameraNode = u32(cameras[1].x);
+    let inverse = vec4<f32>(-quaternions[cameraNode].xyz, quaternions[cameraNode].w);
+    let view = rotate(inverse, world - positions[cameraNode].xyz);
+    if (cameras[1].y == 1.0) {
+      let size = max(cameras[1].z, 0.0001);
+      clip = vec4<f32>(view.x / (size * cameras[0].y * 0.5), view.y / (size * 0.5), -view.z / cameras[0].w, 1.0);
+    } else {
+      let focal = 1.0 / tan(cameras[0].x * 0.5);
+      let depth = (-view.z * cameras[0].w - cameras[0].z * cameras[0].w) / (cameras[0].w - cameras[0].z);
+      clip = vec4<f32>(view.x * focal / cameras[0].y, view.y * focal, depth, -view.z);
+    }
+  }
+  var output: VertexOutput;
+  output.position = select(vec4<f32>(2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0), clip, meshInfo[instance * 4u + 2u] != 0u);
+  output.world = world;
+  output.normal = normalize(rotate(quaternions[instance], localNormal / scale));
+  output.uv = uv;
+  output.tangent = ${normalTexture ? "vec4(normalize(rotate(quaternions[instance], localTangent.xyz * scale)), localTangent.w)" : "vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)"};
+  output.mesh = instance;
+  output.material = packed >> 16u;
+  return output;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fragment(input: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+  let fallback = meshInfo[input.mesh * 4u + 1u];
+  let material = select(fallback, input.material - 1u, input.material != 0u);
+  let factor = materials[material * 3u];
+  let properties = materials[material * 3u + 1u];
+  let extra = materials[material * 3u + 2u];
+  let base = factor * ${baseTexture ? "textureSample(baseTexture, materialSampler, input.uv)" : "vec4(1.0)"};
+  let packedMaterial = ${materialTexture ? "textureSample(materialTexture, materialSampler, input.uv)" : "vec4(1.0)"};
+  let metallic = clamp(properties.x * ${materialTexture ? "packedMaterial.b" : "1.0"}, 0.0, 1.0);
+  let roughness = clamp(properties.y * ${materialTexture ? "packedMaterial.g" : "1.0"}, 0.04, 1.0);
+  var normal = normalize(input.normal);
+  ${normalTexture ? "let tangent = normalize(input.tangent.xyz); let bitangent = normalize(cross(normal, tangent)) * input.tangent.w; let mapped = textureSample(normalTexture, materialSampler, input.uv).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0; normal = normalize(mat3x3<f32>(tangent, bitangent, normal) * vec3(mapped.xy * extra.y, mapped.z));" : ""}
+  let cameraNode = u32(cameras[1].x);
+  let view = normalize(positions[cameraNode].xyz - input.world);
+  let lightDirection = normalize(vec3<f32>(0.4, 0.7, 0.6));
+  let halfVector = normalize(lightDirection + view);
+  let nDotL = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0);
+  let nDotH = max(dot(normal, halfVector), 0.0);
+  let f0 = mix(vec3(0.04), base.rgb, metallic);
+  let specular = f0 * pow(nDotH, max(2.0, 2.0 / (roughness * roughness) - 2.0));
+  let clusterLight = vec3<f32>(bitcast<f32>(clusters[1]), bitcast<f32>(clusters[2]), bitcast<f32>(clusters[3]));
+  let ambient = vec3(0.08) + clusterLight;
+  let diffuse = base.rgb * (1.0 - metallic) * nDotL;
+  let emissive = vec3(properties.z, properties.w, extra.x);
+  return vec4((base.rgb * ambient + diffuse + specular * nDotL + emissive) * accent.a, base.a);
+}`;
+}
+
 const emptyForwardShader = /* wgsl */ `
 struct Accent { color: vec4<f32> }
 @group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> accent: Accent;
@@ -257,10 +354,13 @@ export class Scene {
 
   constructor(
     canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
-    options: { arenaBytes?: number; fps?: number; hdr?: boolean } = {},
+    options: { arenaBytes?: number; debug?: boolean; fps?: number; hdr?: boolean } = {},
   ) {
     this.hdr = options.hdr ?? true;
-    this.core = new YawnCore(canvas, { arenaBytes: options.arenaBytes });
+    this.core = new YawnCore(canvas, {
+      arenaBytes: options.arenaBytes,
+      debug: options.debug,
+    });
     this.ready = this.#initialize(options.fps ?? 60);
   }
 
@@ -635,7 +735,23 @@ export class Scene {
       usage: ["render", "sampled"],
       transient: false,
     });
+    addTexture({
+      id: "depth",
+      format: "depth24plus",
+      size: ["canvas", "canvas", 1],
+      usage: ["render"],
+      transient: true,
+    });
     addSampler({ id: "linear", magFilter: "linear", minFilter: "linear" });
+    addSampler({
+      id: "material-linear",
+      magFilter: "linear",
+      minFilter: "linear",
+      addressModeU: "repeat",
+      addressModeV: "repeat",
+    });
+    for (const { number: _, source: __, ...texture } of this.#textures.values())
+      addTexture(texture);
 
     let previous = computeIds.length ? computeIds : ["cluster-lights"];
     if (!renderedMeshes.length) {
@@ -665,22 +781,7 @@ export class Scene {
         ["cameras", "cameras"],
       ])
         addBuffer({ id, array, usage: ["storage"] });
-      renderPipelines.push({
+      const forwardPipelines = new Set<string>();
-        id: "forward-pbr",
-        code: forwardShader,
-        vertex: {
-          entry: "vertex",
-          buffers: [
-            {
-              arrayStride: 16,
-              attributes: [
-                { format: "float32x3", offset: 0, shaderLocation: 0 },
-              ],
-            },
-          ],
-        },
-        fragment: { entry: "fragment", targets: [{ format: hdrFormat }] },
-      });
       let firstRender = true;
       for (const mesh of renderedMeshes) {
         const vertex = `geometry-${mesh.geometryId}-positions`;
@@ -688,13 +789,33 @@ export class Scene {
           id: vertex,
           array: `geometry.${mesh.geometryId}.positions`,
           usage: ["vertex"],
+          sync: "loadout",
         });
+        const normal = `geometry-${mesh.geometryId}-normals`;
+        const uv = `geometry-${mesh.geometryId}-uvs`;
+        const tangent = `geometry-${mesh.geometryId}-tangents`;
+        const hasNormals = !!this.geometryData(mesh.geometryId, "normals");
+        const hasUvs = !!this.geometryData(mesh.geometryId, "uvs");
+        const hasTangents = !!this.geometryData(mesh.geometryId, "tangents");
+        for (const [present, id, kind] of [
+          [hasNormals, normal, "normals"],
+          [hasUvs, uv, "uvs"],
+          [hasTangents, tangent, "tangents"],
+        ] as const)
+          if (present)
+            addBuffer({
+              id,
+              array: `geometry.${mesh.geometryId}.${kind}`,
+              usage: ["vertex"],
+              sync: "loadout",
+            });
         const indexed = mesh.indexCount > 0;
         if (indexed)
           addBuffer({
             id: `geometry-${mesh.geometryId}-indices`,
             array: `geometry.${mesh.geometryId}.indices`,
             usage: ["index"],
+            sync: "loadout",
           });
         const draws =
           indexed && mesh.faceMaterials.size
@@ -717,8 +838,103 @@ export class Scene {
               ];
         for (const draw of draws) {
           const id = `forward-${mesh.id}-${draw.face}`;
-          if (mesh.id > 65535 || (draw.material ?? 0) > 65534)
+          const material =
+            draw.material ?? Number(this.array("meshInfo").row(mesh.id)[1]);
+          if (mesh.id > 65535 || material > 65534)
             throw new RangeError("Scene handle limit");
+          const pointers = this.array("materialTextures").row(material);
+          const texture = (lane: number) =>
+            pointers[lane]
+              ? this.#textures.get(Number(pointers[lane]) - 1)
+              : undefined;
+          const baseTexture = texture(0);
+          const materialTexture = texture(1);
+          const normalTexture = hasTangents ? texture(2) : undefined;
+          const detailed = hasNormals && hasUvs;
+          const mask = detailed
+            ? (baseTexture ? 1 : 0) |
+              (materialTexture ? 2 : 0) |
+              (normalTexture ? 4 : 0)
+            : 0;
+          const pipeline = detailed ? `forward-pbr-${mask}` : "forward-basic";
+          if (!forwardPipelines.has(pipeline)) {
+            forwardPipelines.add(pipeline);
+            renderPipelines.push({
+              id: pipeline,
+              code: detailed ? pbrShader(mask) : basicForwardShader,
+              vertex: {
+                entry: "vertex",
+                buffers: detailed
+                  ? [
+                      {
+                        arrayStride: 16,
+                        attributes: [
+                          {
+                            format: "float32x3",
+                            offset: 0,
+                            shaderLocation: 0,
+                          },
+                        ],
+                      },
+                      {
+                        arrayStride: 16,
+                        attributes: [
+                          {
+                            format: "float32x3",
+                            offset: 0,
+                            shaderLocation: 1,
+                          },
+                        ],
+                      },
+                      {
+                        arrayStride: 16,
+                        attributes: [
+                          {
+                            format: "float32x2",
+                            offset: 0,
+                            shaderLocation: 2,
+                          },
+                        ],
+                      },
+                      ...(normalTexture
+                        ? [
+                            {
+                              arrayStride: 16,
+                              attributes: [
+                                {
+                                  format: "float32x4",
+                                  offset: 0,
+                                  shaderLocation: 3,
+                                },
+                              ],
+                            },
+                          ]
+                        : []),
+                    ]
+                  : [
+                      {
+                        arrayStride: 16,
+                        attributes: [
+                          {
+                            format: "float32x3",
+                            offset: 0,
+                            shaderLocation: 0,
+                          },
+                        ],
+                      },
+                    ],
+              },
+              fragment: {
+                entry: "fragment",
+                targets: [{ format: hdrFormat }],
+              },
+              depthStencil: {
+                format: "depth24plus",
+                depth_write_enabled: true,
+                depth_compare: "less",
+              },
+            });
+          }
           const instance =
             (mesh.id +
               (draw.material === undefined
@@ -728,18 +944,56 @@ export class Scene {
           passes.push({
             id,
             type: "render",
-            pipeline: "forward-pbr",
+            pipeline,
             after: previous,
             bindings: [
-              "clusters",
+              ...[
-              "accent",
+                "clusters",
-              "node-positions",
+                "accent",
-              "node-quaternions",
+                "node-positions",
-              "node-scales",
+                "node-quaternions",
-              "mesh-info",
+                "node-scales",
-              "materials",
+                "mesh-info",
-              "cameras",
+                "materials",
-            ].map((resource, binding) => ({ group: 0, binding, resource })),
+                "cameras",
+              ].map((resource, binding) => ({
+                group: 0,
+                binding,
+                resource,
+              })),
+              ...(detailed && mask
+                ? [
+                    { group: 1, binding: 0, resource: "material-linear" },
+                    ...(baseTexture
+                      ? [
+                          {
+                            group: 1,
+                            binding: 1,
+                            resource: baseTexture.id,
+                          },
+                        ]
+                      : []),
+                    ...(materialTexture
+                      ? [
+                          {
+                            group: 1,
+                            binding: 2,
+                            resource: materialTexture.id,
+                          },
+                        ]
+                      : []),
+                    ...(normalTexture
+                      ? [
+                          {
+                            group: 1,
+                            binding: 3,
+                            resource: normalTexture.id,
+                          },
+                        ]
+                      : []),
+                  ]
+                : []),
+            ],
             color: [
               {
                 resource: "hdr",
@@ -748,7 +1002,20 @@ export class Scene {
                   : { load: "load" }),
               },
             ],
-            vertexBuffers: [{ slot: 0, resource: vertex }],
+            depth: {
+              resource: "depth",
+              ...(firstRender ? { clear: 1 } : { load: "load" }),
+            },
+            vertexBuffers: [
+              { slot: 0, resource: vertex },
+              ...(detailed
+                ? [
+                    { slot: 1, resource: normal },
+                    { slot: 2, resource: uv },
+                    ...(normalTexture ? [{ slot: 3, resource: tangent }] : []),
+                  ]
+                : []),
+            ],
             ...(indexed
               ? {
                   indexBuffer: {
@@ -827,26 +1094,6 @@ export class Scene {
       previous = [pipeline];
     }
 
-    for (const { number, source: _, ...texture } of this.#textures.values()) {
-      addTexture(texture);
-      const id = `retain-texture-${number}`;
-      computePipelines.push({
-        id,
-        code: "@group(0) @binding(0) var source: texture_2d<f32>; @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> output: array<u32>; @compute @workgroup_size(1) fn main() { output[1] = textureDimensions(source).x; }",
-        entry: "main",
-      });
-      passes.push({
-        id,
-        type: "compute",
-        pipeline: id,
-        after: ["cluster-lights"],
-        dispatch: [1, 1, 1],
-        bindings: [
-          { group: 0, binding: 0, resource: texture.id },
-          { group: 0, binding: 1, resource: "clusters" },
-        ],
-      });
-    }
     const toneMap = String(
       [...this.#effects.values()].find(
         (effect) => effect.kind === "colorGrading",

addons/handles/src/importers/gltf.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Mesh } from "../Mesh";
 import type { Scene } from "../Scene";
 import { PBRMaterial } from "../materials/PBRMaterial";
+import { Texture } from "../materials/Texture";
 
 let worker: Worker | undefined;
 let nextRequest = 1;
@@ -42,9 +43,31 @@ export async function importGltf(scene: Scene, url: string | URL) {
     nodes: result.primitives.length,
     materials: result.materials.length,
   });
-  return scene.batchGraphUpdates(async () => {
+  let textures: Texture[] = [];
+  const imported = await scene.batchGraphUpdates(async () => {
+    const srgb = new Set<number>();
+    for (const material of result.materials) {
+      if (material.baseColorTexture >= 0) srgb.add(material.baseColorTexture);
+      if (material.emissiveTexture >= 0) srgb.add(material.emissiveTexture);
+    }
+    textures = result.textures.map(
+      ({ image }: { image: ImageBitmap }, index: number) =>
+        new Texture(scene, {
+          source: image,
+          format: srgb.has(index) ? "rgba8unorm-srgb" : "rgba8unorm",
+        }),
+    );
+    await Promise.all(textures.map((texture: Texture) => texture.ready));
     const materials = result.materials.map(
-      (options: any) => new PBRMaterial(scene, options),
+      (options: any) =>
+        new PBRMaterial(scene, {
+          ...options,
+          baseColorTexture: textures[options.baseColorTexture],
+          metallicRoughnessTexture:
+            textures[options.metallicRoughnessTexture],
+          normalTexture: textures[options.normalTexture],
+          emissiveTexture: textures[options.emissiveTexture],
+        }),
     );
     await Promise.all(materials.map((material: PBRMaterial) => material.ready));
     const meshes: Mesh[] = result.primitives.map(
@@ -67,4 +90,10 @@ export async function importGltf(scene: Scene, url: string | URL) {
     await Promise.all(meshes.map((mesh) => mesh.ready));
     return meshes;
   });
+  await Promise.all(
+    result.textures.map((_: unknown, index: number) =>
+      scene.core.deleteTexture(textures[index].resource),
+    ),
+  );
+  return imported;
 }

addons/handles/src/importers/worker.ts

@@ -144,6 +144,26 @@ async function load(url: string) {
       return new Uint8Array(await result.arrayBuffer());
     }),
   );
+  const imageBlobs = await Promise.all(
+    (document.images ?? []).map(async (image: any) => {
+      if (image.bufferView !== undefined) {
+        const view = document.bufferViews[image.bufferView];
+        const bytes = buffers[view.buffer];
+        const start = view.byteOffset ?? 0;
+        return new Blob([bytes.slice(start, start + view.byteLength)], {
+          type: image.mimeType,
+        });
+      }
+      const result = await fetch(new URL(image.uri, url));
+      if (!result.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP_${result.status}`);
+      return result.blob();
+    }),
+  );
+  const textures = await Promise.all(
+    (document.textures ?? []).map(async (texture: any) => ({
+      image: await createImageBitmap(imageBlobs[texture.source]),
+    })),
+  );
 
   const accessor = (id: number, integer = false) => {
     const source = document.accessors[id];
@@ -199,6 +219,10 @@ async function load(url: string) {
       roughness: pbr.roughnessFactor ?? 0.7,
       emissive: material.emissiveFactor ?? [0, 0, 0],
       alphaCutoff: material.alphaCutoff ?? 0.5,
+      baseColorTexture: pbr.baseColorTexture?.index ?? -1,
+      metallicRoughnessTexture: pbr.metallicRoughnessTexture?.index ?? -1,
+      normalTexture: material.normalTexture?.index ?? -1,
+      emissiveTexture: material.emissiveTexture?.index ?? -1,
     };
   });
   const primitives: any[] = [];
@@ -264,7 +288,7 @@ async function load(url: string) {
   if (!nodes.length)
     for (let id = 0; id < (document.meshes ?? []).length; id++)
       emitMesh(id, {});
-  return { materials, primitives };
+  return { materials, primitives, textures };
 }
 
 addEventListener("message", async ({ data }) => {
@@ -275,6 +299,7 @@ addEventListener("message", async ({ data }) => {
         .map((name) => primitive[name]?.buffer)
         .filter(Boolean),
     );
+    transfers.push(...result.textures.map((texture: any) => texture.image));
     (postMessage as any)({ request: data.request, result }, transfers);
   } catch (error) {
     postMessage({

addons/handles/src/materials/PBRMaterial.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,14 @@ export class PBRMaterial {
 
   constructor(scene: Scene, options: PBRMaterialOptions = {}) {
     this.scene = scene;
-    this.ready = scene.allocateMaterial().then((id) => {
+    const textures = [
+      options.baseColorTexture,
+      options.metallicRoughnessTexture,
+      options.normalTexture,
+      options.emissiveTexture,
+    ].filter((texture): texture is Texture => texture !== undefined);
+    this.ready = Promise.all(textures.map((texture) => texture.ready)).then(async () => {
+      const id = await scene.allocateMaterial();
       this.id = id;
       const color = Array.from(options.baseColor ?? [1, 1, 1, 1]);
       const emissive = Array.from(options.emissive ?? [0, 0, 0]);

addons/handles/src/materials/Texture.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ let nextTextureName = 1;
 /** A graph texture resource handle; image decoding/upload policy remains outside core. */
 export class Texture {
   readonly scene: Scene;
-  readonly id: number;
+  id = -1;
   readonly resource: string;
   readonly source?: string | ImageBitmap;
   readonly ready: Promise<void>;
@@ -21,24 +21,44 @@ export class Texture {
 
   constructor(scene: Scene, options: TextureOptions = {}) {
     this.scene = scene;
-    this.resource = `texture-${nextTextureName++}`;
+    const resource = `texture-${nextTextureName++}`;
+    this.resource = resource;
     this.source = options.source;
-    const registration = scene.registerTexture({
+    this.ready = (async () => {
-      id: this.resource,
+      const image =
-      source: options.source,
+        typeof options.source === "string"
-      size: options.size ?? [1, 1, 1],
+          ? await createImageBitmap(await (await fetch(options.source)).blob())
-      format: options.format ?? "rgba8unorm",
+          : options.source;
-      usage: [...new Set([...(options.usage ?? ["copyDst"]), "sampled"])],
+      const registration = scene.registerTexture({
-      transient: options.transient ?? false,
+        id: resource,
-    });
+        source: image,
-    this.id = registration.number;
+        size:
-    this.ready = registration.ready;
+          options.size ??
+          (image instanceof ImageBitmap
+            ? [image.width, image.height, 1]
+            : [1, 1, 1]),
+        format: options.format ?? "rgba8unorm",
+        usage: [
+          ...new Set([
+            ...(options.usage ?? ["copyDst"]),
+            "sampled",
+            ...(image instanceof ImageBitmap ? ["render"] : []),
+          ]),
+        ],
+        transient: options.transient ?? false,
+      });
+      this.id = registration.number;
+      await registration.ready;
+      if (image instanceof ImageBitmap)
+        await scene.core.uploadTexture(resource, image);
+    })();
   }
 
   async dispose() {
     await this.ready;
     if (this.#disposed) return;
     this.#disposed = true;
+    await this.scene.core.deleteTexture(this.resource);
     await this.scene.unregisterTexture(this.id);
   }
 }

core/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
-web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["OffscreenCanvas"] }
+web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["ImageBitmap", "OffscreenCanvas"] }
 wgpu = { version = "26", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "webgpu", "wgsl"] }

core/index.js

@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ export class YawnCore {
   #buffer;
   #arrays = new Map();
   #pending = new Map();
+  #profileListeners = new Set();
   #next = 1;
 
-  constructor(canvas, { arenaBytes = 64 * 1024 * 1024, workerFactory } = {}) {
+  constructor(canvas, { arenaBytes = 64 * 1024 * 1024, debug = false, workerFactory } = {}) {
     if (!canvas) throw new TypeError("canvas is required");
     this.#worker = workerFactory?.() ?? new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url), {
       type: "module",
@@ -59,12 +60,13 @@ export class YawnCore {
     this.#worker.addEventListener("messageerror", () => this.#fail("WORKER_ERROR"));
     this.#worker.start?.();
     const offscreen = canvas.transferControlToOffscreen?.() ?? canvas;
-    this.ready = this.#request("init", { canvas: offscreen, arenaBytes }, [offscreen]).then(result => {
+    this.ready = this.#request("init", { canvas: offscreen, arenaBytes }, [offscreen]).then(async result => {
       this.#buffer = result.buffer;
       for (const descriptor of result.rows) this.#arrays.set(
         descriptor.name,
         new SharedRows(this.#buffer, descriptor),
       );
+      if (debug) await this.#request("set-profiler", { enabled: true });
     });
   }
 
@@ -117,6 +119,18 @@ export class YawnCore {
     return this.#request("switch-loadout", { id });
   }
 
+  async uploadTexture(name, image) {
+    await this.ready;
+    if (typeof name !== "string" || !(image instanceof ImageBitmap))
+      throw new TypeError("TEXTURE_SOURCE");
+    return this.#request("upload-texture", { name, image }, [image]);
+  }
+
+  async deleteTexture(name) {
+    await this.ready;
+    return this.#request("delete-texture", { name });
+  }
+
   async play() {
     await this.ready;
     return this.#request("play");
@@ -132,6 +146,17 @@ export class YawnCore {
     return this.#request("set-fps", { fps });
   }
 
+  async setProfiler(enabled) {
+    await this.ready;
+    return this.#request("set-profiler", { enabled: Boolean(enabled) });
+  }
+
+  onProfile(listener) {
+    if (typeof listener !== "function") throw new TypeError("PROFILE_LISTENER");
+    this.#profileListeners.add(listener);
+    return () => this.#profileListeners.delete(listener);
+  }
+
   array(name) {
     const array = this.#arrays.get(name);
     if (!array) throw new Error(`UNKNOWN_ARRAY: ${name}`);
@@ -147,6 +172,10 @@ export class YawnCore {
   }
 
   #message(message) {
+    if (message?.type === "profile") {
+      for (const listener of this.#profileListeners) listener(message.stats);
+      return;
+    }
     const pending = this.#pending.get(message?.request);
     if (!pending) return;
     this.#pending.delete(message.request);
@@ -161,6 +190,7 @@ export class YawnCore {
 
   dispose() {
     this.#fail("DISPOSED");
+    this.#profileListeners.clear();
     this.#worker.terminate();
   }
 }

core/lib.rs

@@ -174,6 +174,21 @@ impl Core {
             .map_err(|error| JsError::new(&error))
     }
 
+    pub fn upload_texture(&self, name: String, image: web_sys::ImageBitmap) -> Result<(), JsError> {
+        let gpu = self.gpu.borrow();
+        let gpu = gpu
+            .as_ref()
+            .ok_or_else(|| JsError::new("WEBGPU_UNINITIALIZED"))?;
+        self.store
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .upload_texture(name, image, gpu)
+            .map_err(|error| JsError::new(&error))
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete_texture(&self, name: &str) {
+        self.store.borrow_mut().delete_texture(name);
+    }
+
     pub fn play(&self) {
         self.render.play();
     }
@@ -185,4 +200,18 @@ impl Core {
     pub fn set_fps(&self, fps: u32) -> Result<(), JsError> {
         self.render.set_fps(fps).map_err(JsError::new)
     }
+
+    pub fn set_profiler(&self, enabled: bool) -> bool {
+        let supported = self
+            .gpu
+            .borrow()
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|gpu| gpu.timestamp_queries);
+        self.render.set_profiling(enabled && supported);
+        supported
+    }
+
+    pub fn take_profile(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.render.take_profile()
+    }
 }

core/render_graph/gpu_resource.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::num::NonZeroU64;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU8, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 use crate::gpu::Wgpu;
-use crate::graph::{Binding, Extent, Pass, RenderGraph, RenderPipeline, Texture};
+use crate::graph::{Binding, Execution, Extent, Pass, RenderGraph, RenderPipeline, Texture};
 use crate::render_data::RenderData;
 
 pub struct GpuResources {
@@ -16,28 +18,59 @@ pub struct GpuResources {
     pub render_pipelines: HashMap<String, wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
     pub compute_pipelines: HashMap<String, wgpu::ComputePipeline>,
     pub passes: Vec<GpuPass>,
+    pub profiler: Option<GpuProfiler>,
+}
+
+pub struct GpuProfiler {
+    query_set: wgpu::QuerySet,
+    resolve: wgpu::Buffer,
+    readback: Arc<wgpu::Buffer>,
+    query_count: u32,
+}
+
+pub struct ProfileMap {
+    readback: Arc<wgpu::Buffer>,
+    state: Arc<AtomicU8>,
+    labels: Vec<String>,
+    timestamp_period: f32,
 }
 
 pub struct GpuBuffer {
     pub buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
     pub source: String,
+    pub sync_each_frame: bool,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GpuTexture {
-    pub _texture: wgpu::Texture,
+    pub texture: wgpu::Texture,
     pub view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    key: String,
+    uploaded: bool,
 }
 
 pub enum GpuPass {
-    Render(wgpu::RenderBundle),
+    Render {
+        label: String,
+        first: usize,
+        last: usize,
+        bundle: wgpu::RenderBundle,
+    },
     Compute {
+        label: String,
+        pass: usize,
         pipeline: wgpu::ComputePipeline,
         bind_groups: Vec<(u32, wgpu::BindGroup)>,
     },
 }
 
 impl GpuResources {
-    pub fn activate(graph: &RenderGraph, gpu: &Wgpu, data: &RenderData) -> Result<Self, String> {
+    pub fn activate(
+        graph: &RenderGraph,
+        gpu: &Wgpu,
+        data: &RenderData,
+        previous: Option<&Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
         let mut buffers = HashMap::new();
         for source in &graph.resources.buffers {
             let rows = data.rows(&source.array).ok_or("GRAPH_ARRAY_UNKNOWN")?;
@@ -54,6 +87,7 @@ impl GpuResources {
                 GpuBuffer {
                     buffer,
                     source: source.array.clone(),
+                    sync_each_frame: source.sync == "frame",
                 },
             );
         }
@@ -65,12 +99,32 @@ impl GpuResources {
             let physical = match physical_slots.get(&source.slot) {
                 Some(&physical) => physical,
                 None => {
+                    let key = source.key()?;
+                    if !source.transient {
+                        if let Some(texture) = previous
+                            .and_then(|resources| {
+                                resources
+                                    .texture_slots
+                                    .get(&source.id)
+                                    .map(|slot| &resources.textures[*slot])
+                            })
+                            .filter(|texture| texture.key == key)
+                        {
+                            let physical = textures.len();
+                            textures.push(texture.clone());
+                            physical_slots.insert(source.slot, physical);
+                            texture_slots.insert(source.id.clone(), physical);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
                     let descriptor = texture_descriptor(source, gpu.width, gpu.height)?;
                     let texture = gpu.device.create_texture(&descriptor);
                     let physical = textures.len();
                     textures.push(GpuTexture {
                         view: texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default()),
-                        _texture: texture,
+                        texture,
+                        key,
+                        uploaded: false,
                     });
                     physical_slots.insert(source.slot, physical);
                     physical
@@ -121,6 +175,30 @@ impl GpuResources {
             })
             .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, _>>()?;
 
+        let profiler = (gpu.timestamp_queries && !graph.executions.is_empty()).then(|| {
+            let query_count = graph.executions.len() as u32 * 2;
+            let bytes = u64::from(query_count) * 8;
+            GpuProfiler {
+                query_set: gpu.device.create_query_set(&wgpu::QuerySetDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("frame-profile"),
+                    ty: wgpu::QueryType::Timestamp,
+                    count: query_count,
+                }),
+                resolve: gpu.device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("frame-profile-resolve"),
+                    size: bytes,
+                    usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::QUERY_RESOLVE | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_SRC,
+                    mapped_at_creation: false,
+                }),
+                readback: Arc::new(gpu.device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("frame-profile-readback"),
+                    size: bytes,
+                    usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::BufferUsages::MAP_READ,
+                    mapped_at_creation: false,
+                })),
+                query_count,
+            }
+        });
         let mut resources = Self {
             buffers,
             textures,
@@ -129,11 +207,27 @@ impl GpuResources {
             render_pipelines,
             compute_pipelines,
             passes: Vec::new(),
+            profiler,
         };
-        for pass in &graph.passes {
+        for execution in &graph.executions {
-            let compiled = match pass.kind.as_str() {
+            let compiled = match execution {
-                "render" => GpuPass::Render(resources.render_bundle(graph, pass, gpu)?),
+                Execution::Render(passes) => GpuPass::Render {
-                "compute" => {
+                    label: if passes.len() == 1 {
+                        graph.passes[passes[0]].id.clone()
+                    } else if passes
+                        .iter()
+                        .all(|index| graph.passes[*index].id.starts_with("forward-"))
+                    {
+                        format!("Forward ({} draws)", passes.len())
+                    } else {
+                        format!("Render ({} draws)", passes.len())
+                    },
+                    first: passes[0],
+                    last: *passes.last().unwrap(),
+                    bundle: resources.render_bundle(graph, passes, gpu)?,
+                },
+                Execution::Compute(index) => {
+                    let pass = &graph.passes[*index];
                     let pipeline = resources
                         .compute_pipelines
                         .get(&pass.pipeline)
@@ -145,11 +239,12 @@ impl GpuResources {
                         gpu,
                     )?;
                     GpuPass::Compute {
+                        label: pass.id.clone(),
+                        pass: *index,
                         pipeline,
                         bind_groups,
                     }
                 }
-                _ => return Err("GRAPH_PASS".into()),
             };
             resources.passes.push(compiled);
         }
@@ -163,16 +258,146 @@ impl GpuResources {
             .map(|texture| &texture.view)
     }
 
+    pub fn upload_texture(
+        &mut self,
+        id: &str,
+        image: &web_sys::ImageBitmap,
+        gpu: &Wgpu,
+    ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let texture = self
+            .texture_slots
+            .get(id)
+            .and_then(|slot| self.textures.get_mut(*slot))
+            .ok_or("GRAPH_TEXTURE_UNKNOWN")?;
+        gpu.queue.copy_external_image_to_texture(
+            &wgpu::CopyExternalImageSourceInfo {
+                source: wgpu::ExternalImageSource::ImageBitmap(image.clone()),
+                origin: wgpu::Origin2d::ZERO,
+                flip_y: false,
+            },
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture: &texture.texture,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            }
+            .to_tagged(wgpu::PredefinedColorSpace::Srgb, false),
+            wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: image.width(),
+                height: image.height(),
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+        );
+        texture.uploaded = true;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn needs_upload(&self, id: &str) -> bool {
+        self.texture_slots
+            .get(id)
+            .and_then(|slot| self.textures.get(*slot))
+            .is_some_and(|texture| !texture.uploaded)
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_timestamps(&self, pass: usize) -> Option<wgpu::RenderPassTimestampWrites<'_>> {
+        self.profiler
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|profiler| wgpu::RenderPassTimestampWrites {
+                query_set: &profiler.query_set,
+                beginning_of_pass_write_index: Some(pass as u32 * 2),
+                end_of_pass_write_index: Some(pass as u32 * 2 + 1),
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn compute_timestamps(&self, pass: usize) -> Option<wgpu::ComputePassTimestampWrites<'_>> {
+        self.profiler
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|profiler| wgpu::ComputePassTimestampWrites {
+                query_set: &profiler.query_set,
+                beginning_of_pass_write_index: Some(pass as u32 * 2),
+                end_of_pass_write_index: Some(pass as u32 * 2 + 1),
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn resolve_profile(&self, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) {
+        let Some(profiler) = &self.profiler else {
+            return;
+        };
+        encoder.resolve_query_set(
+            &profiler.query_set,
+            0..profiler.query_count,
+            &profiler.resolve,
+            0,
+        );
+        encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
+            &profiler.resolve,
+            0,
+            &profiler.readback,
+            0,
+            u64::from(profiler.query_count) * 8,
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_profile(&self, timestamp_period: f32) -> Option<ProfileMap> {
+        let profiler = self.profiler.as_ref()?;
+        let state = Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(0));
+        let callback = state.clone();
+        profiler
+            .readback
+            .map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read, .., move |result| {
+                callback.store(if result.is_ok() { 1 } else { 2 }, Ordering::Release);
+            });
+        Some(ProfileMap {
+            readback: profiler.readback.clone(),
+            state,
+            labels: self
+                .passes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|pass| pass.label().to_owned())
+                .collect(),
+            timestamp_period,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProfileMap {
+    pub fn state(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.state.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
+
+    pub fn read(self) -> Vec<(String, f64)> {
+        let bytes = self.readback.get_mapped_range(..);
+        let values = bytes
+            .chunks_exact(8)
+            .map(|bytes| u64::from_le_bytes(bytes.try_into().unwrap()))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let profile = self
+            .labels
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(values.chunks_exact(2))
+            .map(|(label, timestamps)| {
+                (
+                    label,
+                    timestamps[1].saturating_sub(timestamps[0]) as f64
+                        * f64::from(self.timestamp_period)
+                        / 1_000_000.0,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+        drop(bytes);
+        self.readback.unmap();
+        profile
+    }
+}
+
+impl GpuResources {
     fn render_bundle(
         &self,
         graph: &RenderGraph,
-        pass: &Pass,
+        passes: &[usize],
         gpu: &Wgpu,
     ) -> Result<wgpu::RenderBundle, String> {
-        let pipeline = self
+        let pass = &graph.passes[passes[0]];
-            .render_pipelines
-            .get(&pass.pipeline)
-            .ok_or("GRAPH_PIPELINE")?;
         let declaration = graph
             .pipelines
             .render
@@ -204,40 +429,56 @@ impl GpuResources {
                     sample_count: multisample(&declaration.multisample)?.count,
                     multiview: None,
                 });
-        encoder.set_pipeline(pipeline);
+        let mut previous_pipeline = None;
-        for (group, bind_group) in
+        let mut previous_bindings: Option<&[Binding]> = None;
-            self.bind_groups(pass, |group| pipeline.get_bind_group_layout(group), gpu)?
+        for index in passes {
-        {
+            let pass = &graph.passes[*index];
-            encoder.set_bind_group(group, &bind_group, &[]);
+            let pipeline = self
-        }
+                .render_pipelines
-        for binding in &pass.vertex_buffers {
+                .get(&pass.pipeline)
-            let buffer = &self
+                .ok_or("GRAPH_PIPELINE")?;
-                .buffers
+            let pipeline_changed = previous_pipeline != Some(pass.pipeline.as_str());
-                .get(&binding.resource)
+            if pipeline_changed {
-                .ok_or("GRAPH_RESOURCE_UNKNOWN")?
+                encoder.set_pipeline(pipeline);
-                .buffer;
+                previous_pipeline = Some(pass.pipeline.as_str());
-            encoder.set_vertex_buffer(binding.slot, buffer.slice(binding.offset..));
+            }
-        }
+            if pipeline_changed || previous_bindings != Some(pass.bindings.as_slice()) {
-        if let Some(binding) = &pass.index_buffer {
+                for (group, bind_group) in
-            let buffer = &self
+                    self.bind_groups(pass, |group| pipeline.get_bind_group_layout(group), gpu)?
-                .buffers
+                {
-                .get(&binding.resource)
+                    encoder.set_bind_group(group, &bind_group, &[]);
-                .ok_or("GRAPH_RESOURCE_UNKNOWN")?
+                }
-                .buffer;
+                previous_bindings = Some(&pass.bindings);
-            encoder.set_index_buffer(
+            }
-                buffer.slice(binding.offset..),
+            for binding in &pass.vertex_buffers {
-                parse(&binding.format, "GRAPH_INDEX_FORMAT")?,
+                let buffer = &self
-            );
+                    .buffers
-            encoder.draw_indexed(
+                    .get(&binding.resource)
-                pass.draw.first_index..pass.draw.first_index + pass.draw.indices,
+                    .ok_or("GRAPH_RESOURCE_UNKNOWN")?
-                pass.draw.base_vertex,
+                    .buffer;
-                pass.draw.first_instance..pass.draw.first_instance + pass.draw.instances,
+                encoder.set_vertex_buffer(binding.slot, buffer.slice(binding.offset..));
-            );
+            }
-        } else {
+            if let Some(binding) = &pass.index_buffer {
-            encoder.draw(
+                let buffer = &self
-                pass.draw.first_vertex..pass.draw.first_vertex + pass.draw.vertices,
+                    .buffers
-                pass.draw.first_instance..pass.draw.first_instance + pass.draw.instances,
+                    .get(&binding.resource)
-            );
+                    .ok_or("GRAPH_RESOURCE_UNKNOWN")?
+                    .buffer;
+                encoder.set_index_buffer(
+                    buffer.slice(binding.offset..),
+                    parse(&binding.format, "GRAPH_INDEX_FORMAT")?,
+                );
+                encoder.draw_indexed(
+                    pass.draw.first_index..pass.draw.first_index + pass.draw.indices,
+                    pass.draw.base_vertex,
+                    pass.draw.first_instance..pass.draw.first_instance + pass.draw.instances,
+                );
+            } else {
+                encoder.draw(
+                    pass.draw.first_vertex..pass.draw.first_vertex + pass.draw.vertices,
+                    pass.draw.first_instance..pass.draw.first_instance + pass.draw.instances,
+                );
+            }
         }
         Ok(encoder.finish(&wgpu::RenderBundleDescriptor {
             label: Some(&pass.id),
@@ -290,6 +531,14 @@ impl GpuResources {
     }
 }
 
+impl GpuPass {
+    fn label(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Render { label, .. } | Self::Compute { label, .. } => label,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn create_render_pipeline(
     source: &RenderPipeline,
     gpu: &Wgpu,

core/render_graph/render_graph.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ pub struct RenderGraph {
     #[serde(default)]
     pub pipelines: PipelineDeclarations,
     pub passes: Vec<Pass>,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub executions: Vec<Execution>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum Execution {
+    Compute(usize),
+    Render(Vec<usize>),
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default, Deserialize)]
@@ -30,6 +38,8 @@ pub struct Buffer {
     pub array: String,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub usage: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default = "frame_sync")]
+    pub sync: String,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -186,7 +196,7 @@ pub struct Pass {
     pub dispatch: [u32; 3],
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Binding {
     #[serde(default)]
     pub group: u32,
@@ -318,7 +328,9 @@ impl RenderGraph {
         for pass in &mut self.passes {
             pass.dependencies = pass.after.iter().map(|id| sorted_ids[id]).collect();
         }
-        self.plan_resources()
+        self.plan_resources()?;
+        self.plan_execution();
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn plan_resources(&mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
@@ -391,6 +403,80 @@ impl RenderGraph {
         self.validate_ids()
     }
 
+    fn plan_execution(&mut self) {
+        let mut executions = Vec::new();
+        for index in 0..self.passes.len() {
+            let merge = executions.last().is_some_and(|execution| match execution {
+                Execution::Render(passes) => self.can_merge_render(*passes.last().unwrap(), index),
+                Execution::Compute(_) => false,
+            });
+            if merge {
+                let Some(Execution::Render(passes)) = executions.last_mut() else {
+                    unreachable!()
+                };
+                passes.push(index);
+            } else if self.passes[index].kind == "render" {
+                executions.push(Execution::Render(vec![index]));
+            } else {
+                executions.push(Execution::Compute(index));
+            }
+        }
+        self.executions = executions;
+    }
+
+    fn can_merge_render(&self, previous: usize, next: usize) -> bool {
+        let previous = &self.passes[previous];
+        let next = &self.passes[next];
+        if next.kind != "render"
+            || previous.color.len() != next.color.len()
+            || self.sample_count(&previous.pipeline) != self.sample_count(&next.pipeline)
+            || previous
+                .color
+                .iter()
+                .zip(&next.color)
+                .any(|(previous, next)| {
+                    previous.resource != next.resource
+                        || previous.store != "store"
+                        || next.load != "load"
+                })
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let same_depth = match (&previous.depth, &next.depth) {
+            (None, None) => true,
+            (Some(previous), Some(next)) => {
+                previous.resource == next.resource
+                    && previous.store == "store"
+                    && next.load == "load"
+            }
+            _ => false,
+        };
+        same_depth
+            && !next.bindings.iter().any(|binding| {
+                next.color
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|attachment| attachment.resource == binding.resource)
+                    || next
+                        .depth
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .is_some_and(|attachment| attachment.resource == binding.resource)
+            })
+    }
+
+    fn sample_count(&self, pipeline: &str) -> Option<u64> {
+        self.pipelines
+            .render
+            .iter()
+            .find(|value| value.id == pipeline)
+            .map(|value| {
+                value
+                    .multisample
+                    .get("count")
+                    .and_then(Value::as_u64)
+                    .unwrap_or(1)
+            })
+    }
+
     fn validate_ids(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
         let mut resources = HashSet::new();
         for id in self
@@ -405,6 +491,14 @@ impl RenderGraph {
                 return Err("GRAPH_RESOURCE");
             }
         }
+        if self
+            .resources
+            .buffers
+            .iter()
+            .any(|buffer| !matches!(buffer.sync.as_str(), "frame" | "loadout"))
+        {
+            return Err("GRAPH_BUFFER_SYNC");
+        }
         let mut pipelines = HashSet::new();
         for id in self
             .pipelines
@@ -443,7 +537,7 @@ impl Pass {
 }
 
 impl Texture {
-    fn key(&self) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    pub(crate) fn key(&self) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
         let mut usage = self.usage.clone();
         usage.sort_unstable();
         usage.dedup();
@@ -498,3 +592,6 @@ fn index_format() -> String {
 fn dispatch() -> [u32; 3] {
     [1, 1, 1]
 }
+fn frame_sync() -> String {
+    "frame".into()
+}

core/render_graph/store.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pub struct Loadout {
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Store {
     graphs: HashMap<String, RenderGraph>,
+    texture_sources: HashMap<String, web_sys::ImageBitmap>,
     active: Option<Loadout>,
 }
 
@@ -25,11 +26,44 @@ impl Store {
 
     pub fn switch(&mut self, id: &str, gpu: &Wgpu, data: &RenderData) -> Result<(), String> {
         let graph = self.graphs.get(id).ok_or("GRAPH_UNKNOWN")?.clone();
-        let resources = GpuResources::activate(&graph, gpu, data)?;
+        let mut resources = GpuResources::activate(
+            &graph,
+            gpu,
+            data,
+            self.active.as_ref().map(|active| &active.resources),
+        )?;
+        for (name, image) in &self.texture_sources {
+            if resources.needs_upload(name) {
+                resources.upload_texture(name, image, gpu)?;
+            }
+        }
         self.active = Some(Loadout { graph, resources });
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn upload_texture(
+        &mut self,
+        name: String,
+        image: web_sys::ImageBitmap,
+        gpu: &Wgpu,
+    ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if let Some(active) = &mut self.active {
+            if active.resources.texture_slots.contains_key(&name) {
+                active.resources.upload_texture(&name, &image, gpu)?;
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(previous) = self.texture_sources.insert(name, image) {
+            previous.close();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete_texture(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        if let Some(image) = self.texture_sources.remove(name) {
+            image.close();
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn active_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Loadout> {
         self.active.as_mut()
     }
@@ -62,7 +96,17 @@ impl Store {
             return Ok(());
         };
         let graph = active.graph.clone();
-        let resources = GpuResources::activate(&graph, gpu, data)?;
+        let mut resources = GpuResources::activate(
+            &graph,
+            gpu,
+            data,
+            self.active.as_ref().map(|active| &active.resources),
+        )?;
+        for (name, image) in &self.texture_sources {
+            if resources.needs_upload(name) {
+                resources.upload_texture(name, image, gpu)?;
+            }
+        }
         self.active = Some(Loadout { graph, resources });
         Ok(())
     }

core/renderer/render.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use gloo_timers::future::TimeoutFuture;
 
 use crate::gpu::Wgpu;
-use crate::gpu_resource::GpuPass;
+use crate::gpu_resource::{GpuPass, ProfileMap};
 use crate::graph::{ColorAttachment, DepthAttachment};
 use crate::render_data::RenderData;
 use crate::store::{Loadout, Store};
@@ -16,6 +18,13 @@ pub struct RenderLoop {
     frame: Cell<u32>,
     elapsed: Cell<f64>,
     last: Cell<f64>,
+    profiling: Cell<bool>,
+    profile: RefCell<Option<String>>,
+}
+
+struct Submission {
+    completed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    profile: Option<ProfileMap>,
 }
 
 impl RenderLoop {
@@ -27,6 +36,8 @@ impl RenderLoop {
             frame: Cell::new(0),
             elapsed: Cell::new(0.0),
             last: Cell::new(js_sys::Date::now()),
+            profiling: Cell::new(false),
+            profile: RefCell::new(None),
         }
     }
 
@@ -47,6 +58,17 @@ impl RenderLoop {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn set_profiling(&self, enabled: bool) {
+        self.profiling.set(enabled);
+        if !enabled {
+            self.profile.borrow_mut().take();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn take_profile(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.profile.borrow_mut().take()
+    }
+
     pub fn start(
         self: &Rc<Self>,
         gpu: Rc<RefCell<Option<Wgpu>>>,
@@ -71,11 +93,51 @@ impl RenderLoop {
                         data.update_info(delta as f32, frame, elapsed as f32, control.fps.get());
                         data.skip_render()
                     };
-                    if !skip {
+                    let submission = if !skip {
                         if let (Some(gpu), Some(loadout)) =
                             (gpu.borrow_mut().as_mut(), store.borrow_mut().active_mut())
                         {
-                            let _ = gpu.render(loadout, &data.borrow());
+                            gpu.render(loadout, &data.borrow(), control.profiling.get())
+                                .ok()
+                                .flatten()
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    if let Some(submission) = submission {
+                        while !submission.completed.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                            TimeoutFuture::new(0).await;
+                        }
+                        if let Some(profile) = submission.profile {
+                            while profile.state() == 0 {
+                                TimeoutFuture::new(0).await;
+                            }
+                            if profile.state() == 1 {
+                                let passes = profile
+                                    .read()
+                                    .into_iter()
+                                    .map(|(name, milliseconds)| {
+                                        serde_json::json!({
+                                            "name": name,
+                                            "milliseconds": milliseconds,
+                                        })
+                                    })
+                                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                                let milliseconds = passes
+                                    .iter()
+                                    .filter_map(|pass| pass["milliseconds"].as_f64())
+                                    .sum::<f64>();
+                                *control.profile.borrow_mut() = Some(
+                                    serde_json::json!({
+                                        "frame": frame,
+                                        "milliseconds": milliseconds,
+                                        "passes": passes,
+                                    })
+                                    .to_string(),
+                                );
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -88,8 +150,16 @@ impl RenderLoop {
 }
 
 impl Wgpu {
-    fn render(&mut self, loadout: &mut Loadout, data: &RenderData) -> Result<(), String> {
+    fn render(
+        &mut self,
+        loadout: &mut Loadout,
+        data: &RenderData,
+        profile: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Submission>, String> {
         for buffer in loadout.resources.buffers.values() {
+            if !buffer.sync_each_frame {
+                continue;
+            }
             self.queue.write_buffer(
                 &buffer.buffer,
                 0,
@@ -102,7 +172,7 @@ impl Wgpu {
                 self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config);
                 self.surface.get_current_texture().map_err(|_| "SURFACE")?
             }
-            Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::Timeout) => return Ok(()),
+            Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::Timeout) => return Ok(None),
             Err(_) => return Err("SURFACE".into()),
         };
         let surface_view = output
@@ -113,15 +183,21 @@ impl Wgpu {
             .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
                 label: Some("frame"),
             });
-        for (pass, compiled) in loadout.graph.passes.iter().zip(&loadout.resources.passes) {
+        for (pass_index, compiled) in loadout.resources.passes.iter().enumerate() {
             match compiled {
                 GpuPass::Compute {
+                    pass,
                     pipeline,
                     bind_groups,
+                    ..
                 } => {
+                    let pass = &loadout.graph.passes[*pass];
+                    let timestamp_writes = profile
+                        .then(|| loadout.resources.compute_timestamps(pass_index))
+                        .flatten();
                     let mut command = encoder.begin_compute_pass(&wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor {
                         label: Some(&pass.id),
-                        timestamp_writes: None,
+                        timestamp_writes,
                     });
                     command.set_pipeline(pipeline);
                     for (group, bind_group) in bind_groups {
@@ -133,11 +209,19 @@ impl Wgpu {
                         pass.dispatch[2],
                     );
                 }
-                GpuPass::Render(bundle) => {
+                GpuPass::Render {
+                    first,
+                    last,
+                    bundle,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    let pass = &loadout.graph.passes[*first];
+                    let last = &loadout.graph.passes[*last];
                     let colors = pass
                         .color
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|attachment| {
+                        .zip(&last.color)
+                        .map(|(attachment, final_attachment)| {
                             Ok(Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
                                 view: view(
                                     &loadout.resources,
@@ -146,39 +230,57 @@ impl Wgpu {
                                 )?,
                                 depth_slice: None,
                                 resolve_target: None,
-                                ops: color_ops(attachment)?,
+                                ops: color_ops(attachment, final_attachment)?,
                             }))
                         })
                         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, String>>()?;
                     let depth = pass
                         .depth
                         .as_ref()
-                        .map(|attachment| {
+                        .zip(last.depth.as_ref())
+                        .map(|(attachment, final_attachment)| {
                             Ok::<_, String>(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
                                 view: view(
                                     &loadout.resources,
                                     &surface_view,
                                     &attachment.resource,
                                 )?,
-                                depth_ops: Some(depth_ops(attachment)?),
+                                depth_ops: Some(depth_ops(attachment, final_attachment)?),
                                 stencil_ops: None,
                             })
                         })
                         .transpose()?;
+                    let timestamp_writes = profile
+                        .then(|| loadout.resources.render_timestamps(pass_index))
+                        .flatten();
                     let mut command = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
                         label: Some(&pass.id),
                         color_attachments: &colors,
                         depth_stencil_attachment: depth,
-                        timestamp_writes: None,
+                        timestamp_writes,
                         occlusion_query_set: None,
                     });
                     command.execute_bundles([bundle]);
                 }
             }
         }
+        if profile {
+            loadout.resources.resolve_profile(&mut encoder);
+        }
         self.queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        let profile = profile
+            .then(|| {
+                loadout
+                    .resources
+                    .map_profile(self.queue.get_timestamp_period())
+            })
+            .flatten();
         output.present();
-        Ok(())
+        let completed = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let callback = completed.clone();
+        self.queue
+            .on_submitted_work_done(move || callback.store(true, Ordering::Release));
+        Ok(Some(Submission { completed, profile }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +298,10 @@ fn view<'a>(
     }
 }
 
-fn color_ops(attachment: &ColorAttachment) -> Result<wgpu::Operations<wgpu::Color>, String> {
+fn color_ops(
+    attachment: &ColorAttachment,
+    final_attachment: &ColorAttachment,
+) -> Result<wgpu::Operations<wgpu::Color>, String> {
     let clear = attachment.clear.as_slice();
     Ok(wgpu::Operations {
         load: match attachment.load.as_str() {
@@ -209,18 +314,21 @@ fn color_ops(attachment: &ColorAttachment) -> Result<wgpu::Operations<wgpu::Colo
             }),
             _ => return Err("GRAPH_LOAD_OP".into()),
         },
-        store: store_op(&attachment.store)?,
+        store: store_op(&final_attachment.store)?,
     })
 }
 
-fn depth_ops(attachment: &DepthAttachment) -> Result<wgpu::Operations<f32>, String> {
+fn depth_ops(
+    attachment: &DepthAttachment,
+    final_attachment: &DepthAttachment,
+) -> Result<wgpu::Operations<f32>, String> {
     Ok(wgpu::Operations {
         load: match attachment.load.as_str() {
             "load" => wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
             "clear" => wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(attachment.clear),
             _ => return Err("GRAPH_LOAD_OP".into()),
         },
-        store: store_op(&attachment.store)?,
+        store: store_op(&final_attachment.store)?,
     })
 }
 

core/renderer/wgpu.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ pub struct Wgpu {
     pub format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
     pub width: u32,
     pub height: u32,
+    pub timestamp_queries: bool,
 }
 
 impl Wgpu {
@@ -30,8 +31,12 @@ impl Wgpu {
             })
             .await
             .map_err(|_| "WEBGPU_UNAVAILABLE")?;
+        let required_features = adapter.features() & wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY;
         let (device, queue) = adapter
-            .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor::default())
+            .request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+                required_features,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
             .await
             .map_err(|_| "DEVICE")?;
         let config = surface
@@ -48,6 +53,7 @@ impl Wgpu {
             format,
             width,
             height,
+            timestamp_queries: required_features.contains(wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY),
         })
     }
 }

core/worker.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import initWasm, { Core } from "./pkg/yawn_core.js";
 
 let core;
+let profileTimer;
 
 const fail = code => { throw new Error(code); };
 
@@ -39,6 +40,12 @@ addEventListener("message", async ({ data: message }) => {
         case "switch-loadout":
           core.switch_loadout(message.id);
           break;
+        case "upload-texture":
+          core.upload_texture(message.name, message.image);
+          break;
+        case "delete-texture":
+          core.delete_texture(message.name);
+          break;
         case "play":
           core.play();
           break;
@@ -48,6 +55,14 @@ addEventListener("message", async ({ data: message }) => {
         case "set-fps":
           core.set_fps(message.fps);
           break;
+        case "set-profiler":
+          result = core.set_profiler(Boolean(message.enabled));
+          clearInterval(profileTimer);
+          profileTimer = result && message.enabled ? setInterval(() => {
+            const stats = core.take_profile();
+            if (stats) postMessage({ type: "profile", stats: JSON.parse(stats) });
+          }, 250) : undefined;
+          break;
         default:
           fail("MESSAGE");
       }

docs/.vitepress/Playground.vue

@@ -1,36 +1,117 @@
 <script setup>
-import { nextTick, onMounted, onUnmounted, ref } from "vue";
+import { basicSetup } from "codemirror";
+import { javascript } from "@codemirror/lang-javascript";
+import { oneDark } from "@codemirror/theme-one-dark";
+import { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
+import { computed, nextTick, onMounted, onUnmounted, ref } from "vue";
 import * as Handles from "@yawn/handles";
 import { YawnCore } from "@yawn/core";
 import { playgrounds } from "./playgrounds";
 
-const props = defineProps({ example: { type: String, default: "triangle" } });
+const props = defineProps({
-const preset = playgrounds[props.example] ?? playgrounds.triangle;
+  example: { type: String, default: "triangle" },
+  fullscreen: { type: Boolean, default: false },
+});
+const examples = Object.entries(playgrounds);
+const selected = ref(playgrounds[props.example] ? props.example : "triangle");
+const preset = computed(() => playgrounds[selected.value]);
 const canvas = ref();
-const source = ref(preset.code);
+const editor = ref();
+const preview = ref();
+const source = ref(preset.value.code);
 const status = ref("Starting…");
 const output = ref([]);
 const failed = ref(false);
 const running = ref(false);
 const canvasKey = ref(0);
 const fps = ref(0);
+const profilerOpen = ref(false);
+const profilerSupported = ref(null);
+const profile = ref(null);
 let generation = 0;
 let current;
+let stopProfile;
 let fpsFrame = 0;
 let sampledFrame = 0;
 let sampledAt = 0;
+let editorView;
 
 const AsyncFunction = Object.getPrototypeOf(async function () {}).constructor;
 const api = { ...Handles, YawnCore };
 
+function updateSource(value) {
+  source.value = value;
+  if (editorView && editorView.state.doc.toString() !== value) {
+    editorView.dispatch({
+      changes: { from: 0, to: editorView.state.doc.length, insert: value },
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function requestedSave() {
+  if (!props.fullscreen) return selected.value;
+  const save = new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("save");
+  return save && playgrounds[save] ? save : "triangle";
+}
+
+function openSave(event, save, push = true) {
+  event?.preventDefault();
+  selected.value = playgrounds[save] ? save : "triangle";
+  updateSource(preset.value.code);
+  if (props.fullscreen && push) {
+    const url = new URL(location.href);
+    url.searchParams.set("save", selected.value);
+    history.pushState(null, "", url);
+  }
+  run();
+}
+
+function restoreSave() {
+  openSave(undefined, requestedSave(), false);
+}
+
 async function dispose(value = current) {
   if (!value) return;
-  current = undefined;
+  if (value === current) {
-  delete window.__yawnPlayground;
+    stopProfile?.();
+    stopProfile = undefined;
+    current = undefined;
+    delete window.__yawnPlayground;
+  }
   if (typeof value === "function") await value();
   else if (typeof value.dispose === "function") await value.dispose();
 }
 
+async function attachProfiler(runId = generation) {
+  stopProfile?.();
+  stopProfile = undefined;
+  profile.value = null;
+  profilerSupported.value = null;
+  if (!profilerOpen.value) return;
+  const core = current?.scene?.core ?? current?.core;
+  if (!core?.onProfile || !core?.setProfiler) {
+    profilerSupported.value = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  stopProfile = core.onProfile((stats) => {
+    if (runId === generation) profile.value = stats;
+  });
+  profilerSupported.value = await core.setProfiler(true);
+}
+
+async function toggleProfiler() {
+  profilerOpen.value = !profilerOpen.value;
+  if (profilerOpen.value) {
+    await attachProfiler();
+  } else {
+    stopProfile?.();
+    stopProfile = undefined;
+    profile.value = null;
+    const core = current?.scene?.core ?? current?.core;
+    await core?.setProfiler?.(false);
+  }
+}
+
 async function run() {
   const runId = ++generation;
   running.value = true;
@@ -43,8 +124,12 @@ async function run() {
       throw new Error("Cross-origin isolation is disabled");
     canvasKey.value++;
     await nextTick();
-    canvas.value.width = 960;
+    canvas.value.width = props.fullscreen
-    canvas.value.height = 540;
+      ? Math.max(1, preview.value.clientWidth)
+      : 960;
+    canvas.value.height = props.fullscreen
+      ? Math.max(1, preview.value.clientHeight)
+      : 540;
     const executable = source.value.replace(/^\s*import\s+[^;]+;\s*$/gm, "");
     const names = Object.keys(api);
     const started = performance.now();
@@ -54,7 +139,7 @@ async function run() {
       "log",
       executable,
     )(...names.map((name) => api[name]), canvas.value, (message) =>
-      output.value.push(String(message)),
+      runId === generation && output.value.push(String(message)),
     );
     if (runId !== generation) {
       await dispose(result);
@@ -62,29 +147,23 @@ async function run() {
     }
     current = result;
     window.__yawnPlayground = result;
+    await attachProfiler(runId);
     status.value = `Running · ${Math.round(performance.now() - started)} ms`;
   } catch (error) {
-    failed.value = true;
+    if (runId === generation) {
-    status.value = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+      failed.value = true;
+      status.value = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+    }
   } finally {
     if (runId === generation) running.value = false;
   }
 }
 
 function reset() {
-  source.value = preset.code;
+  updateSource(preset.value.code);
   run();
 }
 
-function tab(event) {
-  if (event.key !== "Tab") return;
-  event.preventDefault();
-  const editor = event.currentTarget;
-  const start = editor.selectionStart;
-  source.value = `${source.value.slice(0, start)}  ${source.value.slice(editor.selectionEnd)}`;
-  requestAnimationFrame(() => editor.setSelectionRange(start + 2, start + 2));
-}
-
 function sampleFps(time = performance.now()) {
   try {
     const core = current?.scene?.core ?? current?.core;
@@ -95,9 +174,8 @@ function sampleFps(time = performance.now()) {
       sampledFrame = frame;
       sampledAt = time;
     } else if (time - sampledAt >= 500) {
-      fps.value = Math.round(
+      const measured = ((frame - sampledFrame) * 1000) / (time - sampledAt);
-        ((frame - sampledFrame) * 1000) / (time - sampledAt),
+      fps.value = measured < 10 ? measured.toFixed(1) : Math.round(measured);
-      );
       sampledFrame = frame;
       sampledAt = time;
     }
@@ -110,19 +188,46 @@ function sampleFps(time = performance.now()) {
 }
 
 onMounted(() => {
+  selected.value = requestedSave();
+  source.value = preset.value.code;
+  editorView = new EditorView({
+    doc: source.value,
+    parent: editor.value,
+    extensions: [
+      basicSetup,
+      javascript(),
+      oneDark,
+      EditorView.lineWrapping,
+      EditorView.contentAttributes.of({
+        "aria-label": "Editable playground code",
+        spellcheck: "false",
+      }),
+      EditorView.updateListener.of((update) => {
+        if (update.docChanged) source.value = update.state.doc.toString();
+      }),
+    ],
+  });
+  if (props.fullscreen) addEventListener("popstate", restoreSave);
   sampleFps();
   run();
 });
 onUnmounted(() => {
   generation++;
+  removeEventListener("popstate", restoreSave);
+  editorView?.destroy();
   cancelAnimationFrame(fpsFrame);
   dispose();
 });
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <section class="playground" :aria-label="`${preset.title} playground`">
+  <section
+    class="playground"
+    :class="{ fullscreen }"
+    :aria-label="`${preset.title} playground`"
+  >
     <header>
+      <a v-if="fullscreen" class="brand" href="/">Yawn</a>
       <strong>{{ preset.title }}</strong>
       <span :class="{ failed }" data-playground-status>{{ status }}</span>
       <button
@@ -133,21 +238,54 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
       >
         Reset
       </button>
+      <button
+        v-if="fullscreen"
+        type="button"
+        class="secondary"
+        :aria-pressed="profilerOpen"
+        data-profiler-toggle
+        @click="toggleProfiler"
+      >
+        Profile
+      </button>
       <button type="button" :disabled="running" @click="run">
         {{ running ? "Running…" : "Run" }}
       </button>
     </header>
+    <nav v-if="fullscreen" class="saves" aria-label="Saved playgrounds">
+      <span>Saved</span>
+      <a
+        v-for="([save, item]) in examples"
+        :key="save"
+        :href="`/playground?save=${save}`"
+        :aria-current="save === selected ? 'page' : undefined"
+        @click="openSave($event, save)"
+      >
+        {{ item.title }}
+      </a>
+    </nav>
     <div class="workspace">
-      <textarea
+      <div ref="editor" class="editor" />
-        v-model="source"
+      <div ref="preview" class="preview">
-        aria-label="Editable playground code"
-        autocomplete="off"
-        autocapitalize="off"
-        spellcheck="false"
-        @keydown="tab"
-      />
-      <div class="preview">
         <canvas :key="canvasKey" ref="canvas" aria-label="Yawn WebGPU output" />
+        <aside v-if="profilerOpen" class="profiler" data-playground-profiler>
+          <div class="profiler-title">
+            <strong>GPU passes</strong>
+            <span v-if="profile">{{ profile.milliseconds.toFixed(2) }} ms</span>
+          </div>
+          <p v-if="profilerSupported === false">
+            Timestamp queries are unavailable on this GPU.
+          </p>
+          <p v-else-if="!profile">Waiting for a completed frame…</p>
+          <table v-else>
+            <tbody>
+              <tr v-for="(pass, index) in profile.passes" :key="`${index}-${pass.name}`">
+                <th>{{ pass.name }}</th>
+                <td>{{ pass.milliseconds.toFixed(2) }} ms</td>
+              </tr>
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        </aside>
         <div v-if="output.length" class="output" data-playground-log>
           <div v-for="(line, index) in output" :key="index">{{ line }}</div>
         </div>
@@ -170,6 +308,22 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   background: #0b1020;
   box-shadow: var(--vp-shadow-3);
 }
+.playground.fullscreen {
+  position: fixed;
+  z-index: 100;
+  inset: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  width: 100vw;
+  height: 100vh;
+  height: 100dvh;
+  margin: 0;
+  transform: none;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 0;
+  box-shadow: none;
+}
 :global(.VPContent.has-sidebar .playground) {
   left: calc(50% + var(--vp-sidebar-width) / 2);
   width: min(1120px, calc(100vw - var(--vp-sidebar-width) - 64px));
@@ -193,6 +347,14 @@ header {
 header strong {
   white-space: nowrap;
 }
+.brand {
+  padding-right: 12px;
+  color: #60a5fa;
+  border-right: 1px solid #334155;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
 header span {
   min-width: 0;
   flex: 1;
@@ -223,24 +385,64 @@ button:disabled {
   cursor: wait;
   opacity: 0.55;
 }
+.saves {
+  display: flex;
+  min-height: 34px;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  color: #64748b;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #263249;
+  background: #0d1424;
+  font:
+    11px/1 ui-monospace,
+    SFMono-Regular,
+    Menlo,
+    monospace;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+.saves span {
+  margin-right: 3px;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
+}
+.saves a {
+  padding: 5px 7px;
+  color: #94a3b8;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+.saves a:hover {
+  color: #e2e8f0;
+  background: #1e293b;
+}
+.saves a[aria-current="page"] {
+  color: #bfdbfe;
+  background: #1d4ed8;
+}
 .workspace {
   display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
   min-height: 510px;
 }
-textarea {
+.fullscreen .workspace {
-  box-sizing: border-box;
+  min-height: 0;
-  width: 100%;
+  flex: 1;
+}
+.editor {
   min-width: 0;
   height: 510px;
-  resize: none;
-  padding: 18px;
-  color: #dbeafe;
-  border: 0;
   border-right: 1px solid #263249;
-  outline: none;
   background: #0b1020;
-  tab-size: 2;
+}
+.fullscreen .editor {
+  height: auto;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+.editor :deep(.cm-editor) {
+  height: 100%;
+  background: #0b1020;
   font:
     13px/1.55 ui-monospace,
     SFMono-Regular,
@@ -248,7 +450,17 @@ textarea {
     Consolas,
     monospace;
 }
-textarea:focus {
+.editor :deep(.cm-scroller) {
+  overflow: auto;
+  font-family: inherit;
+}
+.editor :deep(.cm-gutters) {
+  color: #526079;
+  border-right-color: #263249;
+  background: #0d1424;
+}
+.editor :deep(.cm-focused) {
+  outline: none;
   box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #2563eb;
 }
 .preview {
@@ -281,6 +493,59 @@ canvas {
     Menlo,
     monospace;
 }
+.profiler {
+  position: absolute;
+  z-index: 2;
+  top: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  width: min(320px, 72%);
+  overflow: auto;
+  padding: 16px;
+  color: #cbd5e1;
+  border-left: 1px solid #334155;
+  background: rgb(2 6 23 / 94%);
+  font:
+    12px/1.45 ui-monospace,
+    SFMono-Regular,
+    Menlo,
+    monospace;
+}
+.profiler-title {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+  color: #e2e8f0;
+}
+.profiler-title span {
+  color: #60a5fa;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+.profiler p {
+  color: #94a3b8;
+}
+.profiler table {
+  width: 100%;
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+.profiler th,
+.profiler td {
+  padding: 7px 0;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #1e293b;
+}
+.profiler th {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  max-width: 190px;
+  text-align: left;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+.profiler td {
+  color: #93c5fd;
+  text-align: right;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
 .fps {
   position: absolute;
   right: 12px;
@@ -309,14 +574,21 @@ canvas {
   .workspace {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
   }
-  textarea {
+  .editor {
     height: 360px;
     border-right: 0;
     border-bottom: 1px solid #263249;
   }
+  .fullscreen .editor {
+    height: 45vh;
+    min-height: 240px;
+  }
   .preview {
     min-height: 360px;
   }
+  .fullscreen .preview {
+    min-height: 0;
+  }
   header strong {
     display: none;
   }

docs/.vitepress/playgrounds.js

@@ -137,12 +137,25 @@ log(\`Two mesh handles share geometry #\${source.geometryId}.\`);
 
 return { scene, source, instance, dispose: () => scene.dispose() };`;
 
-const materials = `import { Mesh, PBRMaterial, Scene } from "@yawn/handles";
+const materials = `import { Mesh, PBRMaterial, Scene, Texture } from "@yawn/handles";
 
 const scene = new Scene(canvas, { hdr: true });
 await scene.ready;
+const pixels = new OffscreenCanvas(64, 64);
+const context = pixels.getContext("2d");
+context.fillStyle = "#ff3018";
+context.fillRect(0, 0, 64, 64);
+context.fillStyle = "#ffd166";
+context.fillRect(0, 0, 32, 32);
+context.fillRect(32, 32, 32, 32);
+const albedo = new Texture(scene, {
+  source: pixels.transferToImageBitmap(),
+  format: "rgba8unorm-srgb",
+});
+await albedo.ready;
 const paint = new PBRMaterial(scene, {
-  baseColor: [0.85, 0.08, 0.18, 1],
+  baseColor: [1, 1, 1, 1],
+  baseColorTexture: albedo,
   metallic: 0.75,
   roughness: 0.18,
 });
@@ -151,6 +164,8 @@ const mesh = new Mesh(scene, {
   material: paint,
   vertexData: {
     positions: [-0.7, -0.6, 0, 0.7, -0.6, 0, 0, 0.72, 0],
+    normals: [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
+    uvs: [0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2],
     indices: [0, 1, 2],
   },
 });
@@ -167,6 +182,7 @@ return {
   scene,
   mesh,
   paint,
+  albedo,
   dispose() {
     canvas.removeEventListener("pointermove", move);
     scene.dispose();
@@ -256,7 +272,7 @@ return { scene, mesh, exposure, grade, fxaa, dispose: () => scene.dispose() };`;
 
 const importing = `import { AmbientLight, ArcRotateCamera, Picking, Scene, importGltf } from "@yawn/handles";
 
-const scene = new Scene(canvas, { hdr: true, fps: 1, arenaBytes: 384 * 1024 * 1024 });
+const scene = new Scene(canvas, { hdr: true, arenaBytes: 384 * 1024 * 1024 });
 await scene.ready;
 await scene.core.pause();
 log("Importing /models/sponza.glb in the importer worker…");
@@ -307,9 +323,12 @@ for (const mesh of meshes) {
 }
 
 const camera = new ArcRotateCamera(scene, {
-  alpha: 0.7,
+  targetPosition: [-0.3, 0, 0],
-  beta: 1.1,
+  alpha: Math.PI / 2,
-  radius: 2.7,
+  beta: Math.PI / 2,
+  radius: 0.3,
+  near: 0.01,
+  far: 10,
   aspect: canvas.width / canvas.height,
   controls: { element: canvas, pointer: true },
 });

docs/guide/core.md

@@ -39,10 +39,25 @@ const id = await core.allocateObject("application.values");
 values.row(id).set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
 ```
 
-Graph frontends serialize plain data to `(yawn-graph 1 ...)`. Named `after` edges preserve DAG fan-out; Rust sorts passes, detects cycles, culls unused declarations, plans compatible transient lifetimes, and allocates the active loadout.
+Graph frontends serialize plain data to `(yawn-graph 1 ...)`. Named `after` edges preserve DAG fan-out; Rust sorts passes, detects cycles, culls unused declarations, aliases compatible transient lifetimes, merges compatible render passes into bundles, and allocates the active loadout. Unchanged persistent textures survive loadout rebuilds.
 
 The `Scene` addon is one such frontend. It is replaceable and has no privileged core API.
 
+## Profile physical GPU passes
+
+```ts
+const stop = core.onProfile((frame) => {
+  console.table(frame.passes); // name + GPU milliseconds
+});
+const supported = await core.setProfiler(true);
+
+// Later:
+await core.setProfiler(false);
+stop();
+```
+
+`new YawnCore(canvas, { debug: true })` enables the same timestamp-query mode at startup. Timings describe the physical compute and render passes produced by graph compilation, so 138 compatible draws appear as one bundled forward pass. The fullscreen playground’s **Profile** button shows the stream in a toggleable sidebar.
+
 <Playground example="core" />
 
 <script setup>

docs/guide/materials.md

@@ -22,17 +22,15 @@ mesh.material = paint;
 
 ```ts
 const albedo = new Texture(scene, {
-  source: "/textures/paint.ktx2",
+  source: "/textures/paint.png",
-  size: [2048, 2048, 1],
   format: "rgba8unorm-srgb",
-  usage: ["sampled", "copyDst"],
 });
 await albedo.ready;
 
 const textured = new PBRMaterial(scene, { baseColorTexture: albedo });
 ```
 
-Creating or removing a `Texture` rebuilds the single graph loadout so the GPU resource is allocated up front. The source pointer stays on the handle for an importer or application uploader; core never owns image-loading policy.
+Creating or removing a `Texture` rebuilds the single graph loadout so the GPU resource is allocated up front. The addon decodes URLs outside core, then transfers an `ImageBitmap` to the render worker; compatible loadout rebuilds reuse the allocated GPU texture instead of uploading it again.
 
 ## Custom WGSL
 

docs/playground.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Minimal playground
+---
+layout: false
+---
 
-This page creates an HDR `Scene`, one PBR material, and one indexed mesh. Move the pointer over the canvas: the handler writes the `sceneAccent` shared row directly without messaging the renderer.
+<Playground fullscreen />
-
-<Playground />
 
 <script setup>
 import Playground from "./.vitepress/Playground.vue";

package-lock.json

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
         "addons/*"
       ],
       "devDependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/lang-javascript": "^6.2.5",
+        "@codemirror/theme-one-dark": "^6.1.3",
+        "codemirror": "^6.0.2",
         "vitepress": "^1.6.4"
       }
     },
@@ -334,6 +337,123 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/autocomplete": {
+      "version": "6.20.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/autocomplete/-/autocomplete-6.20.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tlosUqb+3BbxCxZdu4tKeRghPFC+QM7q4X5YhKV2eCmPG+1r2F3f4AaSz5sCrFqUtX4Jh20VFTKecl16MgiV9g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/language": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.17.0",
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/commands": {
+      "version": "6.11.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/commands/-/commands-6.11.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/K4Rl5BN0OtTiPWmJCdqODu38XnDMsDxKY5rgrPnCkutPTJf2wVbkoixLfealF5Kwse/s8P8M5jAiURiwSwnFA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/language": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.7.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.27.0",
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.1.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/lang-javascript": {
+      "version": "6.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/lang-javascript/-/lang-javascript-6.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zD4e5mS+50htS7F+TYjBPsiIFGanfVqg4HyUz6WNFikgOPf2BgKlx+TQedI1w6n/IqRBVBbBWmGFdLB/7uxO4A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/language": "^6.6.0",
+        "@codemirror/lint": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.17.0",
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.0.0",
+        "@lezer/javascript": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/language": {
+      "version": "6.12.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/language/-/language-6.12.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1q4PaT+o6PbgpkJt4Q8Fv5XJxTy4FUZ4MWETtyiDw3J0Pyr9E2vqcKL+k9wcvjNTIsauxvE7OfmWj3FRPHQ76A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.23.0",
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.5.0",
+        "@lezer/highlight": "^1.0.0",
+        "@lezer/lr": "^1.0.0",
+        "style-mod": "^4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/lint": {
+      "version": "6.9.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/lint/-/lint-6.9.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-28/+iWLYxKxsvGYhSYL7zaCZqLz5+FFFDq9tVsvGv9kv8RY4fFAchJ5WX9M3YrrRlTIsECjsXPqeNgnSmNP2dg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.42.0",
+        "crelt": "^1.0.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/search": {
+      "version": "6.7.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/search/-/search-6.7.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uMe5UO6PamJtSHrXhhHOzSX3ReWtiJrva6GnPMwSOrZtiExb5X5eExhr2OUZQVvdxPsKpY3Ro2mFbQadpPWmHA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.37.0",
+        "crelt": "^1.0.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/state": {
+      "version": "6.7.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/state/-/state-6.7.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9QzNDgE4EYDnAHfrTlR2lwiPciiOymLtwKK+8yHQzCc7GXhAP9xdEbEJFy2IWB1j9UGUl9BsgMmTo/ImA02T7A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@marijn/find-cluster-break": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/theme-one-dark": {
+      "version": "6.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/theme-one-dark/-/theme-one-dark-6.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NzBdIvEJmx6fjeremiGp3t/okrLPYT0d9orIc7AFun8oZcRk58aejkqhv6spnz4MLAevrKNPMQYXEWMg4s+sKA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/language": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.0.0",
+        "@lezer/highlight": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@codemirror/view": {
+      "version": "6.43.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/view/-/view-6.43.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sTuUzTpPMFebRhg6dawChoKKgndIwfjmJgKVxBefPElcU2NwQ6AFroupk0SFqEerQyZOGRfDNnSN8Dw/lMAsXw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.7.0",
+        "crelt": "^1.0.6",
+        "style-mod": "^4.1.0",
+        "w3c-keyname": "^2.2.4"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@docsearch/css": {
       "version": "3.8.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@docsearch/css/-/css-3.8.2.tgz",
@@ -783,6 +903,52 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@lezer/common": {
+      "version": "1.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/common/-/common-1.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sxQE460fPZyU3sdc8lafxiPwJHBzZRy/udNFynGQky1SePYBdhkBl1kOagA9uT3pxR8K09bOrmTUqA9wb/PjSQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@lezer/highlight": {
+      "version": "1.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/highlight/-/highlight-1.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qXdH7UqTvGfdVBINrgKhDsVTJTxactNNxLk7+UMwZhU13lMHaOBlJe9Vqp907ya56Y3+ed2tlqzys7jDkTmW0g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@lezer/javascript": {
+      "version": "1.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/javascript/-/javascript-1.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vvYx3MhWqeZtGPwDStM2dwgljd5smolYD2lR2UyFcHfxbBQebqx8yjmFmxtJ/E6nN6u1D9srOiVWm3Rb4tmcUA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.2.0",
+        "@lezer/highlight": "^1.1.3",
+        "@lezer/lr": "^1.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@lezer/lr": {
+      "version": "1.4.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lezer/lr/-/lr-1.4.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rnCpTIBafOx4mRp43xOxDJbFipJm/c0cia/V5TiGlhmMa+wsSdoGmUN3w5Bqrks/09Q/D4tNAmWaT8p6NRi77A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@lezer/common": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@marijn/find-cluster-break": {
+      "version": "1.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@marijn/find-cluster-break/-/find-cluster-break-1.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-FY+MKLBoTsLNJF/eLWaOsXGdz6uh3Iu1axjPf6TUq92IYumcTcXWHoS747JARLkcdlJ/Waiaxc5wQfFO8jC6NA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": {
       "version": "4.46.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-x64-gnu-4.46.2.tgz",
@@ -1295,6 +1461,22 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/codemirror": {
+      "version": "6.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/codemirror/-/codemirror-6.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VhydHotNW5w1UGK0Qj96BwSk/Zqbp9WbnyK2W/eVMv4QyF41INRGpjUhFJY7/uDNuudSc33a/PKr4iDqRduvHw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/commands": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/language": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/lint": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/search": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/state": "^6.0.0",
+        "@codemirror/view": "^6.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/comma-separated-tokens": {
       "version": "2.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/comma-separated-tokens/-/comma-separated-tokens-2.0.3.tgz",
@@ -1322,6 +1504,13 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/mesqueeb"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/crelt": {
+      "version": "1.0.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/crelt/-/crelt-1.0.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aK6BbWfhf4U/wCcLHKPJl/xa6VkVstRaPywWtMKGwuOLc/wZTyQYuoxgvZnNsBvv7Kg3YTBQYYBCggcviQczuA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/csstype": {
       "version": "3.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/csstype/-/csstype-3.2.3.tgz",
@@ -1870,6 +2059,13 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/style-mod": {
+      "version": "4.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/style-mod/-/style-mod-4.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-i/n8VsZydrugj3Iuzll8+x/00GH2vnYsk1eomD8QiRrSAeW6ItbCQDtfXCeJHd0iwiNagqjQkvpvREEPtW3IoQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/superjson": {
       "version": "2.2.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/superjson/-/superjson-2.2.6.tgz",
@@ -2207,6 +2403,13 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/w3c-keyname": {
+      "version": "2.2.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/w3c-keyname/-/w3c-keyname-2.2.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dpojBhNsCNN7T82Tm7k26A6G9ML3NkhDsnw9n/eoxSRlVBB4CEtIQ/KTCLI2Fwf3ataSXRhYFkQi3SlnFwPvPQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/zwitch": {
       "version": "2.0.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zwitch/-/zwitch-2.0.4.tgz",

package.json

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
     "start": "wasm-pack build core --target web --out-dir pkg --release && vitepress dev docs --host 0.0.0.0 --port ${PORT:-8080}"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@codemirror/lang-javascript": "^6.2.5",
+    "@codemirror/theme-one-dark": "^6.1.3",
+    "codemirror": "^6.0.2",
     "vitepress": "^1.6.4"
   }
 }